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The canal, which needs around 189 million liters (50 million gallons) of freshwater for each ship crossing, faced severe water shortages in 2023 due to lack of rain, forcing authorities to cut crossings by 20% and delay traffic. The proposed reservoir, which would take four years and $1.6 billion to build, could allow 12 to 13 more ship crossings per day and support new water treatment facilities being built, authorities say.

But protesters say building the reservoir using the Indio River, in the canal’s watershed, would also force 2,000 people to be relocated from their homes because their communities would be flooded. Other areas downstream could also be affected by reduced river flow.

Iris Gallardo, a teacher from the Guasimo community and a member of the “No to Reservoirs” movement, was among the group of mostly farmers waving Panamanian flags. She told the Associated Press they held the boat protest to show their rejection of the project and forced relocations.

“We are demanding that the multipurpose reservoir proposed by the ACP not be built without consulting and getting permission from the affected communities,” Gallardo said.

Instead, protestors suggest using the nearby Bayano Lake, located east of the capital. Authorities dismissed that idea due to logistical, legal challenges and cost, and said that such a project would displace 200,000 people – far more than the current plan. They said the project would also offer jobs to communities and that the resettlement plan is being developed with the community.

Former Panama Canal administrator Jorge Luis Quijano said opponents of the project don’t understand how serious the water problem is.

“The only way to have water is to store it,” he said.